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1.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 13(1): 17-19, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048802

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los quistes tiroglosos son las lesiones más comunes de la línea media cervical y se ha descrito el carcinoma papilar de tiroides en el 1%. Debido a su baja incidencia no existe un consenso acerca del tratamiento óptimo. Caso clínico: Paciente mujer de 34 años de edad consulta por aumento de volumen cervical doloroso y se evidencia nódulo doloroso en región cervical media. Ecografía de tiroides visualiza una lesión quística compleja. Se completa el estudio con tomografía computada del cuello con contraste que evidencia quiste del conducto tirogloso con compromiso inflamatorio-infeccioso, por lo que se decide cirugía. Biopsia evidencia cáncer papilar de 0.25 cm en quiste del conducto tirogloso, con bordes quirúrgicos negativos. Por bajo riesgo se decide control imagenológico estricto. DISCUSIÓN: Los quistes del conducto tirogloso comprenden las lesiones cervicales congénitas más frecuentes. Se presentan como masas indolentes y asintomáticas. El diagnóstico es confirmado mediante ecografía y la tomografía es utilizada para ampliar el estudio. La aparición de cáncer tiroideo en estos quistes es poco común, y generalmente son indistinguibles de las lesiones benignas en el preoperatorio. En relación al manejo del cáncer papilar en quiste del conducto tirogloso no existe un consenso de su tratamiento óptimo. Para los casos de bajo riesgo se sugiere control anual con TSH y ecografía tiroidea. Para aquellos pacientes de alto riesgo se sugiere tiroidectomía total y ablación de los restos tiroides con yodo radioactivo, con control anual con niveles de tiroglobulina. El pronóstico es excelente, con tasas de remisión que superan el 95%. CONCLUSIONES: Los carcinomas en quistes de conducto tirogloso son poco comunes y en la mayoría de los casos son lesiones diagnosticadas de manera incidental después de la resección quirúrgica. Para definir necesidad de tiroidectomía, debe realizarse estudio individualizado por un equipo multidisciplinario con amplia experiencia.


INTRODUCTION: Thyroglossal cysts are the most common affection of the cervical midline. Papillary carcinoma has been described in 1% of this cysts. Due to its low incidence a consensus on the optimal treatment does not exist. Clinical case: A 34 year old female with no relevant past medical history, presented with a painful cervical mass of many weeks of appearance. The thyroid ecography showed a complex cystic lesion and the cervical computed tomography with contrast evidenced a cyst of the thyroglossal duct with inflammatory and infectious findings. Surgery with no incidents was performed. Biopsy reported a 0.25 cm papillary cancer in the thyroglossal duct cyst, with negativa surgical margins. Strict follow up with imaging studies was decided. DISCUSSION: the thyroglossal duct cyst are the most common congenital cervical affections. Classically, they present as indolente, asyntomatic masses on the cervical midline. The diagnosis is confirmed with ecography and computed tomography is used to extent evaluation. Thyroid cancer in thyroglossal duct cyst is uncommon and generally indistinguishable from benign lesions in the preoperative phase. A consensus regarding the optimal management of this patients does not exist. For low risk cases, an anual control with THS and thyroid ecography is suggested. For patients with high risk a Sistrunk with total thyroidectomy and radioactive ablation of thyroids remnants is recommend. Follow up with anual thyroglubin levels should be performed. The prognostic is excellent, with more than 95% remission rates. CONCLUSSIONS: Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinomas are rare. In most cases, diagnosis is made incidentally after surgical resection. To decide wheter thyroidectomy is necessary each case should be analyzed individually by a multidisciplinary team with vast experience.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Thyroglossal Cyst/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis , Thyroglossal Cyst/surgery , Thyroglossal Cyst/pathology , Thyroidectomy , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
2.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 12(4): 205-207, 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088026

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El carcinoma de paratiroides es una enfermedad de difícil diagnóstico, siendo perentorio una detección precoz y un tratamiento oportuno para prevenir las complicaciones. CASO CLÍNICO: Se presenta paciente de 42 años que debuta con hipercalcemia de 16.1 mg/dl, PTH 1573 pg/mL y lesión sugerente de adenoma de paratiroides. Biopsia quirúrgica identifica carcinoma paratiroideo sin invasión, realizándose posteriormente lobectomía derecha con foco de 0,1 mm de carcinoma paratiroideo, con bordes libres. En comité oncológico se decide seguimiento estricto; sin embargo, a los seis meses requiere hospitalización nuevamente por hipercalcemia, a la ecografía cervical presenta dos nódulos hipoecogénicos menores a 1 cm en lecho quirúrgico. Tomografía computada sin evidencia de lesiones. Con estos antecedentes, se decide exploración cervical, encontrándose tumor de 2 cm, multilobulado, paraesofágico. Biopsia evidencia carcinoma paratiroideo con invasión en tejido graso y músculo estriado. Se descarta radioterapia paliativa y quimioterapia debido a escasa evidencia, quedando en cuidados paliativos. DISCUSIÓN: El cáncer de paratiroides es una enfermedad de difícil diagnóstico. En muchos casos se ha descrito la crisis hipercalcémica como presentación inicial. La resección en bloque de la lesión de paratiroides con hemitiroidectomía ipsilateral es el tratamiento estándar. Es un tumor radio resistente y la quimioterapia adyuvante no ha demostrado aumento en la sobrevida. En pacientes con enfermedad inoperable, el pronóstico es pobre, siendo fundamental el control de calcemia y PTH, las cuales son la causa principal de morbimortalidad. CONCLUSIONES: El carcinoma paratiroideo es una enfermedad rara, cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento representan un verdadero desafío clínico, siendo crucial el alto índice de sospecha. Su curso es crónico y de mal pronóstico, por lo que para pacientes de alto riesgo debe considerarse una cirugía radical desde el inicio.


INTRODUCTION: Parathyroid carcinoma is a difficult diagnosis, with early detection and timely treatment to prevent complications being imperative. CLINICAL CASE: A 42-year-old patient presenting with hypercalcemia of 16.1 mg / dl, PTH 1573 pg / mL and suggestive lesion of parathyroid adenoma is presented. Surgical biopsy identifies parathyroid carcinoma without invasion, subsequently performing right lobectomy with 0.1 mm focus of parathyroid carcinoma, with free borders. Oncological committee, strict follow-up is decided; However, at six months he requires hospitalization again for hypercalcemia, at cervical ultrasound he presents two hypoechogenic nodules smaller than 1 cm in the surgical bed. CT scan without evidence of injuries. With this background, cervical exploration is decided, finding a 2 cm, multilobed, paraesophageal tumor. Biopsy shows parathyroid carcinoma with invasion of fatty tissue and striated muscle. Palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy are ruled out due to limited evidence, remaining in palliative care. DISCUSSION: Parathyroid cancer is a difficult diagnosis disease. In many cases the hypercalcemic crisis has been described as an initial presentation. Block resection of the parathyroid lesion with ipsilateral hemitiroidectomy is the standard treatment. It is a radioresistant tumor and adjuvant chemotherapy has not shown an increase in survival. In patients with inoperable disease, the prognosis is poor, with the control of calcemia and PTH being essential, which are the main cause of morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare disease, the diagnosis and treatment of which represent a real clinical challenge, the high index of suspicion being crucial. Its course is chronic and has a poor prognosis, so for high-risk patients, radical surgery should be considered from the beginning.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications , Parathyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenoma/complications , Adenoma/diagnosis , Hypercalcemia/etiology , Parathyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Adenoma/surgery
3.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 7(4): 134-136, oct.2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-789311

ABSTRACT

The Malignant Struma ovarii (SO) is a thyroid carcinoma generated in a mature teratoma, constitutes 0.8-3percent of ovarian tumors. Then, two cases will be reviewed. Case 1: 46 year old woman with no known morbid consulted for right iliac fossa pain requiring exploratory laparotomy with findings of an ovarian tumor, the biopsy reported mature ovarian teratoma SO type microfocus papillary thyroid carcinoma. Case 2: 59 year old female with a history of dyslipidemia and knee osteoarthritis in controls in gynecology since 2010 on the right adnexal mass of cystic type of 5x3 cm. The study showed only free fluid dissemination ovarian, oofectomía bilateral was performed and biopsy showed minimally invasive follicular carcinoma (2.8 cm) developed by SO, serosa without invasion of the ovary. Is derived of endocrinology and the study showed: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 3.3 uIU/ ml; Peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and thyroglobulin antibody (antiTG) negative. Ultrasonography exhibited thyroid nodule of 0.8 x 0.6 cm, hipovascularizado with normal thyroid cintigraphy and cytology negative for neoplastic cells in fine needle aspiration (FNA). Discussion: It’s a rare condition, which requires a multidisciplinary approach to treatment...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis , Struma Ovarii/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Struma Ovarii/surgery , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Teratoma
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